Tuesday, January 27, 2026

Math Game - Divvy Up

Right now the older students are working on Long Division. In the Montessori math progression, this is usually done first with the Golden Beads, then with the Stamp Game, and finally with the Racks & Tubes.

Now we are doing it with abstraction (which I refer to as simply using logic).

Once you've done the Racks & Tubes, the algorithm makes so much sense!

Rather than wait until the children had mastered it all to introduce a Long Division game, I went straight into a game. The whole class played against me! That incentivized them to learn the steps in the algorithm more quickly, in order to make predictions and decide on a winning strategy.

Here is the game:

click on image to enlarge


I found this loose paper in my teacher stash, but I don't know what book I pulled it out of. Sorry!

Divvy Up is a cousin to the Dice Game, which we use every year to reinforce Place Value. And the children have loved it. You can play this game with either a six-sided or ten-sided die. I think 10 is more fun. However, I asked the children if a zero came up to just re-roll. I didn't want to chance a zero in the divisor (which is undefined).



Tips: Because it is too easy to end up with the exact same problem when using a two digit dividend, I let them use a three digit or four digit dividend. And I HIGHLY recommend having children do long division on graph paper to help keep the place value lined up. I like these math journals:


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Monday, January 26, 2026

Knitted Doll (Grade 4)

It's very cold and snowy here today, so I finally finished up my knitted doll!

In my Handwork Teacher Training, this was suggested as a third grade project, but I think it works really well in grade 4 as part of the Zoology block (to go with chapter 1 of Kovacs). A doll + wardrobe are the final patterns in A First Book of Knitting for Children, but I particularly like this one because it encourages children to make their dolls unique.

It also goes spectacularly well with the Kovacs chapter, and I really noticed the children looking at human proportions to see how big to make the head and how long to make the arms.


Thank you to Nicole for this "pattern" and the lovely wording!


you will need worsted weight yarn in a variety of colors (shoe color, clothing colors, skin color, hair color, accessory colors) and corresponding knitting needles

    "I can't give you a pattern for this because people are different sizes"

    "we come in all different colors and so do our dolls”

    "we come in all different sizes and so do our dolls”


you will begin at one of the doll’s feet

cast on 12 stitches

knit until the leg is as long as you would like, then cast on for a second

knit second leg, then join them by knitting across all rows

knit torso as long as you want it to be

knit the head smaller — fewer stitches, fewer rows — than you did the torso

k2tog across the entire row, then use the gathering stitch to complete the head

now you will make two arms

cast on 10 stitches for arms in shirt color

knit until the arm is as long as you would like, switch to hand color at end of arm and then use the gathering stitch to complete the arm

notes:

    for a smaller doll, cast on 10 instead of 12 stitches for the legs (in which case use 8 stitches instead of 10 stitches for the arms)

    for a variety of textures, you could use garter stitch for skin but use stockinette stitch (knit a row, purl a row) for the shoes and clothing

    the doll can be made so that he/she is completely clothed already (for slower knitters) OR made with skin and undergarments like tights/undies and then you can have fun inventing and knitting separate clothing and accessories

    do NOT make the doll all in skin color such that he/she is naked


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Sunday, January 25, 2026

Poisonous or Venomous?

Maybe you already know that Seth Meyers has spent a lot of time on this. But just recently, a Jackal wrote in with the best explanation I've ever heard... and since it's good to know when teaching Zoology (grade 4) and Botany (grade 5), I thought I would share it!

If you bite it and you die, it's poisonous.

If it bites you and you die, it's venomous.


Another tip for poisonous is to think about Snow White and the apple.

And for venomous, someone pointed out that the letter V looks like fangs!

the poisoned apple for Snow White
(I needle-felted this back in April 2016)

Thursday, January 15, 2026

Here Comes the Sun

We began our new Philosophy topic, Happiness, yesterday by listening to three versions of this song:


Many thanks to Marietta McCarty for this fun way to introduce the topic!


Next, we used Marietta's ideas from Little Big Minds to frame our discussion.


I began by having the children define Happiness by drawing a picture (no words) in their Philosophy journals. Here are some notes from our chat:

What is happiness?

    it's an emotion that makes you feel good inside

    I drew a birthday party

    for me, there's a specific thing I do that makes me feel happy inside: swimming in the lake with my dad in the summer when it's hot

    it makes me feel warm inside


What are the ingredients of a happy life?

    love

    excitement

    freedom

    being able to have fun, and not have a million things to do and not have time to have fun... fun & freedom

    you also need to take care of your body

    kindness, joy, peacefulness


What is the difference between pleasure and happiness?

    I have another ingredient for having a good life. Sometimes you have to do chores because you don't want your sink to get piled with dirty dishes. You don't have this big weight on your body every time you go into the kitchen.

    Pleasure is doing something that you like. Happiness is also doing something that you like. I don't know...

    When you eat really delicious chocolate. It doesn't make me happy but it's pleasurable.

    Pleasure comes when you do things. But you don't really have to be doing anything to feel happy. It's more passive.


Do you think that everyone in the world can be happy?

    They can but they usually aren't. Some people don't accept it.

    Some people don't give it, and they don't let the people around them have happiness. But there's enough room for everybody to have happiness.

    It's possible, if we have a better government. You could be starving, and then you wouldn't be happy, but if you had a good government then they would give you charity funds which would give you food.

    Sometimes I think there's different kinds of happiness. The feeling of having food and knowing you can just have food. And then, even if you don't have food, you can still in a way be happy since there's public parks. You could probably play with other children.


That feeling is called security. Is security a kind of happiness?

    Yes, in its own way.


Do you need security in order to feel happiness?

    There are people who are secure who are not happy. There are people who are not secure who make the best of their situation. It seems like it has a lot to do with your mindset, whether or not you allow yourself to feel happy or not. Some people have the possibility but things get in the way.


Can you make yourself be happy? What shifts a bad day for you?

    If I read a really good book or find a new way to get to the top of the tree.

    If I have a really bad day, if it's sunny and windy and warm, I just go outside.

    The most recent horrible days I've had are because I'm bored. The thing that turns that around for me is a really long and big project that's really complicated but I can do it without getting frustrated. I can keep having ideas. I have something to do that I love.

    Usually it's when I'm really bored and then I get really angry, so I go outside. I read a book. Get a picnic blanket and I just lay down on the picnic blanket and read the book.


Do people think that there's a thing to buy that will make them happy?

    When I buy something like a new pair of shoes, I get my heart set on it being amazing and so wonderful. And then when it isn't amazing or so wonderful, then I'm really disappointed. And I hate that. So I've been working on trying to get my heart not set on things. But now I have my heart set on not having my heart set on things.


[ Then I introduced the idea of Stoicism. ]

Some philosophers in the past had the idea, and I want to see what you guys think about it, that the key to happiness just taking everything as it comes very calmly. You wouldn't have to experience deep sadness or disappointment, but you also then wouldn't be able to get really excited and joyful when the good things happened. You are the mountain, and your feelings are the weather. It just comes and goes. It doesn't matter. So don't get caught up in it.

If you just had that steady calm, would that be happiness?

    I think that a perfect life would have some lows but that would allow us to have highs too. If you don't clean your house and do chores, then you'll just be always upset. So you have to do some uncomfortable things to have the high things. Once you clean your house, you're proud of yourself and then you can do other things because now you can actually get to your closet. In order to have happiness or excitement, you also have to do the bad things.

    I don't believe that. With the highs, come the lows. I personally like to be able to be really excited. I think it's worth it to be disappointed to have those, "yes, I'm so excited!" moments. Just because you might not like the "uh" moments, is it really worth it to give up the fun ones too?

    But you can't really sustain a level of excitement. Those high highs don't last very long.


Is something that comes and goes so quickly really real?

    You could have a fly that was born yesterday and dies tomorrow, that comes and goes really quickly but it's still real.


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Tuesday, January 13, 2026

-t Suffix

I often choose our spelling words based on mistakes I find in the childrens' rough drafts, but sometimes an error inspires an SWI investigation instead!

Today I edited a paper that spelled "asked" as "askt." We went over the word sum together (ask + ed ---> asked) but it also got me thinking.

    When is < -t > the correct suffix?


So this morning for SWI we did an investigation to see what words the children could think of, and discover whether we could find any patterns.

    sleep / slept

    keep / kept

    weep / wept

    sweep / swept

    creep / crept

    kneel / knelt

    mean / meant

    leap / leapt

    deal / dealt

    dream / dreamt

    learn / learnt

    smell / smelt

    spell / spelt

    spoil / spoilt


We did notice that for most of these words, the initial vowel sound is long and then it changes to short when the base is shortened and < -t > is added. Also, for all of these words -- except learn, smell, spell, and spoil -- that initial vowel sound is a long e.

We realized that when this suffix is added to a word with the < ea > digraph, the < ea > spelling is preserved.

We also recognized that < -ed > is becoming a more acceptable suffix for all of these words except sleep and keep (for ee) and mean (for ea).

Now the children want to keep track of the publication dates on books that are using the newer form, so we can see when this cultural shift happened. (Besides old books, I do find some of these spellings are more common in British English.) And why are those few specific words resisting the change?


Examples:

Winter poem by Judith Nicholls
crept


A Considerable Speck poem by Robert Frost
smelt, dealt, crept, swept, slept

found in Poetry of Earth edited by Adrienne Adams, p.23


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Monday, January 12, 2026

Art History - Yoko Ono

In my 2025-2026 school year plan, I decided that our January artist study would be Yoko Ono. (Here's the complete list of all the artists we've learned about so far.) So now let's dive into some resources and my planning notes:


Yoko Ono
1933 -


also

Yoko Ono page at Wikipedia

Yoko Ono page at tate.org.uk

articles at the New York Times


Yoko Ono: One Woman Show: 1960–1971
MoMA (includes recordings of her voice)


Instructions for Paintings, 1961-62

"Forget It"

All About Yoko Ono's Husbands: Toshi Ichiyanagi, Anthony Cox and John Lennon

Plastic Ono Band, 1968

Bed-In, 1969




week of Jan 5:

Mon


week of Jan 12:

Mon

    look more closely at the instructions on the wall behind Yoko Ono at the start of that video... and consider whether we were completely misunderstanding her performance... it's not Music; it's Art

      ”Scream. 1. against the wind 2. against the wall 3. against the sky”

    read blog post From a Whisper to a Scream: Following Yoko Ono’s Instructions

    discuss the idea of "instruction pieces" as art

    decide to turn the dogwood tree into a Wish Tree and invite parents, friends, and neighbors to add wishes to it

      “Make a wish. Write it down on a piece of paper. Fold it and tie it around a branch of the wish tree. Ask your friend to do the same. Keep wishing.”

    Yoko Ono is our January artist because I put them in order of birth... but it turns out very well to do a Wish Tree at the start of a new year!

    "Wish Tree" (digital version)


Thu


week of Jan 19:

Thu


week of Jan 26:

Tue

    read excerpts from Grapefruit and choose the ones we'd like to do


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Illinois Exotic Species Coloring Book

Looking through my resources for the Southern Illinois block (grade 4 Local Geography, History & Industry), I came across this lovely coloring book.

Printed on nice heavy card, these beautiful illustrations come with helpful information on the back. Some of them would work very well in other blocks too, such as "Night Crawler" for Zoology, "Queen Anne's Lace" for Botany, or "Teasel" for Fibers & Clothing (teasers were an early tool used to card wool).

Here is the complete list:

    Dame's Rocket

    Eurasian Watermilfoil

    Rusty Crayfish

    Buckthorn

    Japanese Beetle

    Musk Thistle

    Ruffe

    Round Goby

    German Yellowjacket

    European Starling

    Rock Dove

    House Sparrow

    Reed Canary Grass

    Gypsy Moth

    Chinese Mantis

    Goldfish

    Common Carp

    Daphnia

    Zebra Mussel

    Asian Tiger Mosquito

    Mute Swam

    Multiflora Rose

    Night Crawler

    Kudzu

    Asian Longhorned Beetle

    Teasel

    Garlic Mustard

    Purple Loosestrife

    Honey Bee

    Wild Parsnip

    Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle

    Queen Anne's Lace

    Monk Parakeet

    European Corn Borer

    Norway Rat

    House Mouse

    Ring-necked Pheasant


The book's introduction clarifies the difference between an exotic species and an invasive species.

Written by Michelle Garland, Carolyn P. Nixon, and Philip L. Nixon
Illustrated by Carolyn P. Nixon and Loren Kirkwood